সোমবার, ৫ আগস্ট, ২০১৩

Nissan's Infiniti aims for high-end auto status

Autos

2 hours ago

Johan De Nysschen, president of Infiniti Motor Motor Company, and Ben Poore, president of Infiniti Americas pose with the Infiniti.

CARLO ALLEGRI / REUTERS

Johan De Nysschen (L), president of Infiniti Motor Motor Company, and Ben Poore, president of Infiniti Americas, pose after announcing the new Q50 at the New York Auto Show in March.

With the launch of its new Q50 sedan, Infiniti is steering a new course as it tries to navigate out of the second-tier of luxury brands and take on better-known high-line marques like Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Lexus.

The Q50 replaces the old Infiniti G series and initiates an all-new alphanumeric naming strategy. It also introduces the world?s first steer-by-wire technology, among a variety of other high-tech features being added to the new sedan.

Whether potential buyers take to the new Direct Adaptive Steering system remains to be seen, and analysts warn that Infiniti risks serious confusion as it rebrands existing models to conform to the new nomenclature ? something that has caused serious problems for Honda?s Acura and Ford?s Lincoln when they also abandoned more familiar model names.

Read more: Ousted from Volvo, Jacoby Now Will Run GM's Vast International Empire?

?We know we?ll face challenges in the short-term but there are tremendous opportunities in the long-term,? said Robb Simmons, Infiniti?s senior marketing manager, during a media preview of the new Q50 line.

Nissan?s luxury division made its debut nearly a quarter-century ago, debuting almost simultaneously with Toyota?s Lexus brand. But Infiniti never quite got the traction of its Japanese rival, as analysts blamed product shortfalls and a curious ad campaign that focused on rocks and trees rather than the maker?s new vehicles.

Read more: Fuel-Saving Stop/Start Technology Migrating to the Masses?

Infiniti has gained some momentum, in recent years, with the entry-luxury G series, now its best-selling model line. But while volumes jumped 22 percent in 2012, to 119,877, that was barely half the U.S. total of luxury segment leaders. And Infiniti had virtually no presence outside the U.S. market.

Parent Nissan hopes to change that going forward. It recently reorganized Infiniti as a standalone entity, giving the luxury brand its own design and engineering operations as well as a new headquarters in Hong Kong ? where the brand will have a clear view of China. China is expected to become the world?s largest luxury market by decade?s end, according to various forecasts.

Read more: Ford Admits Delaying Recall, Pays $17 Mil Fine?

The maker also got a new boss, South African-born Johan de Nysschen, who won kudos during his time as head of the fast-growing U.S. subsidiary of Audi. ?My goal is to unlock the potential of this brand,? he told The Detroit Bureau during an interview, even if that means he has to ?challenge? the way Infiniti has traditionally done business.

Perhaps the biggest challenge comes from the decision to change the name of Infiniti?s current and future products. Passenger cars will be designated by a ?Q,? crossovers and light trucks getting a ?QX.?

Read more:?Toyota Earnings Nearly Double, Buoyed By Weak Yen, Even as Sales Slip?

The new Q50 reaching showrooms in August will be the first all-new model to take advantage of that shift. The sedan is slightly lower, longer and wider than the old G sedan, with a more distinctive grille, sculpted silhouette and the distinctive ?crescent? rear pillar first seen on the Infiniti JX ? which will be renamed the QX60 which isn?t to be confused with the old QX56 that becomes the QX80.

?There is a risk that the alphanumeric designation becomes a jumble in the minds of consumers,? analyst Joe Phillippi, of AutoTrends Consulting, warns, pointing to the sales stumbles both Acura and Lincoln experienced when they completely revised their own model nomenclatures.

Read more: Jaguar to Unveil 1st-Ever SUV

On the other hand, Phillippi says Acura could get through the challenge with new products that are solid and appealing. The real challenge will be finding a way to ?truly differentiate themselves from the rest of the luxury pack. They?ve never quite managed to catch fire and generate a substantial amount of enthusiasm for the brand.?

That?s where the Q50 comes in. The new model is part of the broader Nissan class-above strategy which aims to deliver vehicles that seem a bit more lavish and well-equipped than direct competitors ? here including such products as the BMW 3-Series and Mercedes C-Class. Introducing some cutting-edge technology is also part of the strategy.

Read more: Which Brands Will Cost You Most to Keep Fuel in the Tank??

The Q50?s optional Direct Adaptive Steering system makes it the world?s first production car equipped with steer-by-wire which replaces traditional mechanical linkage (though there?s a mechanical backup of power should fail). The system precisely reads driver inputs and, so Infiniti claims, can steer the wheels more quickly than a traditional system. In turn, electronic sensors pass road feel back to the driver ? though the three controllers have been designed to tune out unwanted harsh road inputs.

The steer-by-wire system has a lot of potential advantages and also permits the new Q50 to offer an optional lane-holding system that comes a step short of hands-free driving, a camera mounted at the top of the windshield looking for lane markers much like human eyes.

Infiniti officials promise the Q50 will be just one in a rapidly expanding line-up of products to debut over the next few years including one or more so-called ?halo? models designed to focus attention on the brand. The Nissan subsidiary also will add a range of new powertrains, such as the hybrid system in the Q50 that is meant to balance performance and fuel economy.

It?s an ambitious goal with potential pitfalls. Indeed, Infiniti officials confirmed last month they will indefinitely delay a luxury battery-electric vehicle based on the mainstream Nissan Leaf?s technology.

For his part, marketing chief Simmons says he?s confident Infiniti can roll out the product. The challenge will be ?to make consumers aware of us.? Compounding that challenge is Infiniti?s plan to become a truly global player.

Infiniti has spent more than two decades climbing into the middle of the pack. Challenging the established luxury leaders won?t come quick, both Simmons and de Nysschen agreeing they will need to push hard but maintain their patience. ?

Copyright ? 2009-2013, The Detroit Bureau

Source: http://feeds.nbcnews.com/c/35002/f/663286/s/2f8c072a/sc/15/l/0L0Snbcnews0N0Cbusiness0Cnissans0Einfiniti0Eaims0Ehigh0Eend0Eauto0Estatus0E6C10A8430A46/story01.htm

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রবিবার, ৪ আগস্ট, ২০১৩

Students face punishment for inappropriate Facebook, Twitter use

August 3, 2013, 4:50 p.m.

A Northern California? school district's attempt at stopping cyber-bullying is generating controversy.

Source: http://feeds.latimes.com/~r/lanowblog/~3/homEpGSfPeU/la-me-ln-students-face-punishment-for-inappropriate-facebook-twitter-use-20130803,0,3313298.story

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BART labor talks continue as planned strike looms

In this file photo from Monday, July 1, 2013, striking Bay Area Rapid Transit workers picket as they close the intersection of 14th & Broadway on Monday, July 1, 2013, in downtown Oakland, Calif. San Francisco Bay Area commuters braced for the possibility of another train strike as the Bay Area Rapid Transit agency and its workers approached a deadline to reach a new contract deal. The two sides were set to resume negotiations at noon on Thursday, Aug. 1, but did not appear close to an agreement. (AP Photo/Ben Margot)

In this file photo from Monday, July 1, 2013, striking Bay Area Rapid Transit workers picket as they close the intersection of 14th & Broadway on Monday, July 1, 2013, in downtown Oakland, Calif. San Francisco Bay Area commuters braced for the possibility of another train strike as the Bay Area Rapid Transit agency and its workers approached a deadline to reach a new contract deal. The two sides were set to resume negotiations at noon on Thursday, Aug. 1, but did not appear close to an agreement. (AP Photo/Ben Margot)

In this file photo from Monday, July 1, 2013, commuters wait in standstill traffic to pay their tolls on the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge in Oakland, Calif. San Francisco Bay Area commuters braced for the possibility of another train strike as the Bay Area Rapid Transit agency and its workers approached a deadline to reach a new contract deal. The two sides were set to resume negotiations at noon on Thursday, Aug. 1, but did not appear close to an agreement. (AP Photo/Ben Margot)

In this file photo from Tuesday, June 25, 2013, supporters of Bay Area Rapid Transit workers hold up signs at a news conference outside of the BART 24th Street Mission station in San Francisco. San Francisco Bay Area commuters braced for the possibility of another train strike as the Bay Area Rapid Transit agency and its workers approached a deadline to reach a new contract deal. The two sides were set to resume negotiations at noon on Thursday, Aug. 1, 2013, but did not appear close to an agreement. (AP Photo/Jeff Chiu)

(AP) ? Bay Area Rapid Transit managers and union leaders returned to the bargaining table Sunday in hopes of heading off a strike that would create traffic nightmares for San Francisco area commuters for the second time in a month.

Representatives from BART management and the agency's two largest employee unions negotiated for about 14 hours Saturday and resumed bargaining Sunday morning as a midnight deadline loomed.

Big differences remain on key issues including wages, pensions, worker safety and health care costs, but the parties expressed some optimism that an agreement could be reached to avert a strike planned for Monday.

"The parties made some important but incremental moves yesterday, and I hope to get to a deal," Josie Mooney, chief negotiator for the Service Employees International Union 1021, said Sunday before heading into negotiations. "If the parties work very hard, then it's certainly possible in the amount of time we have left."

"There was definitely movement from both sides," BART chief negotiator Thomas Hock said as he left negotiations late Saturday night. "Hopefully, if we keep moving, we will get to a proposal that both sides can agree to."

BART's two largest unions issued a 72-hour notice Thursday that employees would walk off the job if they didn't reach agreement on a new contract by midnight Sunday.

Bay Area agencies are preparing ways to get commuters to work if there's a strike, but officials say there's no way to make up for the BART system, which carries about 400,000 riders a day.

"BART really is the backbone of the transit network. No other transit agency has the ability to absorb BART's capacity if there's a disruption," said John Goodwin, spokesman for the Metropolitan Transportation Commission.

If there's a BART strike, transit agencies are planning to add bus and ferry service, keep carpool lanes open all day and even give away coffee gift cards to encourage drivers to pick up riders. They're also encouraging workers to avoid peak traffic hours or telecommute if possible.

When BART workers shut down train service for four days in early July, roadways were packed and commuters waited in long lines for buses and ferries. The unions agreed to call off that strike and extend their contracts until Sunday while negotiations continued.

A strike this week could lead to more gridlock than last month's strike, which came around the Fourth of July holiday when many workers were on vacation.

Bay Area and state officials have been pressuring BART managers and union leaders to reach an agreement this weekend, saying a strike would create financial hardship for working families and hurt the region's economy.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2013-08-04-BART%20Strike/id-88d1dc3e8d8145f7b82e8411d57c723d

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শনিবার, ৩ আগস্ট, ২০১৩

Time Warner Cable drops CBS in NY, LA, Dallas

LOS ANGELES (AP) ? Three million Time Warner Cable customers in New York, Los Angeles and Dallas lost access to CBS programming in a fee dispute Friday, threatening their ability to watch popular shows like "Under the Dome" or see Tiger Woods pursue his 8th win at the Firestone Country Club.

The nation's second largest cable operator said that CBS refused to have productive negotiations, which were repeatedly extended after their previous deal expired at the end of June.

As Friday's blackout stretched past a couple of hours, it appeared consumers would be caught in the crossfire for some time.

"It's become clear that no matter how much time we give them, they're not willing to come to reasonable terms," Time Warner Cable said.

Multiple stations that carry CBS programming in New York and Los Angeles were replaced around 2:15 p.m. Pacific time with a message from Time Warner Cable saying that CBS had "demanded an outrageous increase" in the fees it demands to carry its TV stations' signals.

CBS said it regretted Time Warner Cable's decision, calling it "ill-advised." The broadcaster said it asked for an extension, but that Time Warner Cable didn't agree to it.

Most of the cable subscribers affected live in New York, Los Angeles and Dallas, but customers in other markets also lost signals.

The CBS stations that went dark are WCBS and WLNY in New York; KCBS and KCAL in Los Angeles; KTVT and KTXA in Dallas; WBZ and WSBK in Boston; KDKA, WPCW-CW in Pittsburgh; KCNC in Denver; WKBD-CW in Detroit and WBBM in Chicago.

About 2.5 million Time Warner Cable customers also lost access to Showtime, the premium channel that carries shows such as "Dexter." TMC, FLIX and Smithsonian channels ? all owned by CBS Corp. ? also went dark.

In its message to subscribers, Time Warner Cable said it would replace the lost programming with shows from Starz Kids and Family temporarily.

The fight centers on the rising fees that TV station owners like CBS charge cable and satellite companies to retransmit their content. Research firm SNL Kagan estimates retransmission fees will reach $3 billion industrywide this year and double to $6 billion by 2018.

SNL Kagan analyst Robin Flynn said that figure could be revised upward soon as TV station groups merge to gain leverage at the bargaining table. For example, Tribune Co. announced plans to buy Local TV to form a group of 42 TV stations last month.

Earning revenue from pay TV subscribers is crucial to CBS's growth prospects, analysts say. Even though CBS sends its signal out over the airwaves for free to anyone with an antenna, about 85 percent of its viewers watch TV through a pay TV provider. Such fees ensure the company is not so reliant on advertising dollars, which rise and fall with the economy.

Meanwhile, Time Warner Cable is fighting to hold the line on costs as it struggles to keep subscribers. It lost 191,000 cable TV subscribers in the most recent quarter, ending with 11.7 million at the end of June.

Even as the dispute lingered on, both companies posted healthy quarterly earnings this week. Time Warner Cable grew its net income 6 percent to $481 million, or $1.64 per share, as revenue rose 3 percent to $5.6 billion.

CBS grew net income 11 percent to $472 million, or 76 cents per share. CBS's revenue also grew 11 percent to $3.7 billion thanks in large part to the fees that are in dispute with Time Warner Cable.

Jonathan Atkin, an analyst with RBC Capital Markets, said TV distributors are taking a stand because programming costs are going up about 10 percent this year, an increase that's too high to pass onto customers.

"They feel pressure when some of these cost drivers are going up the way they are," Atkin said. "They do need to show some teeth and try to negotiate something better."

He said the dispute would probably end quickly to avoid depriving customers of key sporting events, like the PGA Championship starting on Thursday. CBS also airs its first preseason NFL game Aug. 23.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/time-warner-cable-drops-cbs-ny-la-dallas-212652573.html

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Thai Princess meets Chinese FM on bilateral friendly relations

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Source: www.thailandnews.net --- Friday, August 02, 2013
Thai Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn on Friday held talks with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi on bilateral friendly relations.The princess said the royal family of Thailand treasures the friendly ties between China and Thailand and bears deep in heart the profound friendship the Chinese government and people have shown to the Thai people.She called on the two nations to deepen friendly ties ... ...

Source: http://www.thailandnews.net/index.php/sid/216207395/scat/f90d16c28a9b5294

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শুক্রবার, ২ আগস্ট, ২০১৩

The Spectacular Now

Shailene Woodley and Miles Teller in The Spectacular Now.

Shailene Woodley and Miles Teller in The Spectacular Now

Courtesy of 21 Laps Entertainment

The high school coming-of-age movie has now been around for so long that it?s hard for each new example of the genre not to feel like a knowing gloss on every one that?s come before. So we have the high school movie gone noir (Brick), gone vampire (the Twilight series), gone comic-book gonzo (Kick-Ass). James Ponsoldt?s The Spectacular Now is remarkable for the ease with which it positions itself outside this arena of aggressively stylized self-differentiation.

If this film (adapted by Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber from a novel by Tim Tharp) has an antecedent in the teen-movie universe, it?s Cameron Crowe?s 1989 classic Say Anything. That movie?s hero, Lloyd Dobler (John Cusack), a fast-talking charmer with a disinclination to ?buy anything, sell anything, or process anything as a career,? shares some DNA with this movie?s main character, the intelligent but unambitious party animal Sutter Keely (Miles Teller). But what really connects The Spectacular Now to Say Anything has less to do with the movies? content than with the way they both create specific, believable unstylized worlds full of teenagers who relate to one another not through the kabuki of high school social hierarchies (the nerd, the jock, the loser, the prom queen) but as individuals. Screwed-up, occasionally selfish individuals with lousy impulse control, to be sure, but in high school (and often thereafter), what other kind are there?

This movie?s human scale, its unaffected compassion for every one of its far-from-perfect characters, is what kept me on its side throughout. By the time the story veered into borderline sentimentality in the last scene or two?we?re not talking Nicholas Sparks-level sap, just a trace more than you?d expect in such an otherwise naturalistic romance?I was way past judging the movie for such a small infraction. I had already handed The Spectacular Now my heart. Appropriately enough, since this is a drama about the risk, and the value, of giving one?s heart away.

As we meet Sutter Keely, he?s a senior in high school in an unnamed small city (the film was shot in Athens, Ga.), taking a halfhearted stab at drafting a college admissions essay. The only ?formative experience? he can come up with to write about is his recent breakup with his girlfriend Cassidy (Brie Larson), who?s finally gotten fed up with his responsibility-dodging ways. After attempting to forget Cassidy with an all-night kegger-hopping bender, Sutter wakes up at dawn on the front lawn of Aimee Finicky (Shailene Woodley), a quiet, bookish classmate he barely knows. She drives him around town to find his missing car, he asks her for help with geometry?and gradually, with the ambivalent stop-start rhythm that characterizes real-life relationships, a flirtation begins to build between the two.

The easygoing, life-embracing Sutter is so much fun to hang out with?tooling around town with a friend sipping from a huge plastic to-go cup labeled ?Thirst Master,? he deems everything they encounter ?awesome? in a tone that suggests genuine awe?that it takes the audience almost as long as Aimee to notice that not everything in Sutter?s life is all that awesome, and that he regularly spikes the Thirst Master with hard liquor from a pocket flask. Sutter?s mother (Jennifer Jason Leigh), an overworked nurse in a perpetually crabby mood, has refused for years to tell her son his father?s whereabouts. When Sutter finally, with Aimee?s encouragement, tracks his dad down, the three of them spend an afternoon together that makes it painfully clear why the estrangement was a good idea in the first place. (Kyle Chandler, cast against type as the shiftless, alcoholic dad, so precisely embodies a certain kind of self-deluded addict that his anxious patter is difficult to watch.)

Aimee?s slow realization that the boy she?s falling in love with is in no particular hurry to become a man?though he may already have a man-sized drinking problem?is only one of the story threads running through this dense, leisurely paced drama. There?s also Aimee?s attempt to stand up to her needy single mother?never seen onscreen?who?s trying to prevent her daughter from leaving town for college, or possibly going to college at all. And the fraught, quasi-paternal relationship between the underachieving Sutter and his boss at the clothing store where he works (memorably underplayed by the comedian Bob Odenkirk). Even Cassidy, Sutter?s ex-girlfriend, gets a story arc that elevates her into more than just a blond popular-girl stereotype.

Miles Teller and Shailene Woodley have such a disarmingly direct and spontaneous connection as actors that Sutter and Aimee almost immediately come to seem like a couple you?ve known (or been part of) at some point in your life. You find yourself torn between rooting for these two kids and wanting to sit them each down separately for a stern talking-to about cutting bait and moving on. Woodley, a 21-year-old former child actress who made a memorable feature film debut as George Clooney?s older daughter in The Descendants, gives a stunningly mature and complete performance as the still immature and incomplete Aimee. (But even simply costumed in jeans and T-shirts with no makeup, the lanky, pixie-faced Woodley is a shade too gorgeous to be believable as the girl at school nobody notices.) And Teller, a baby-faced 26-year-old whose restless, boyish energy at times recalls a young Tom Hanks, pulls off the neat trick of playing a Ferris Bueller-esque high school slacker in a way that feels urgent and fresh.

A major plot twist just past the movie?s midpoint?of the entire-audience-gasps-out-loud-in-unison variety?takes The Spectacular Now to some pretty dark and downbeat places for a movie of its type. Dark enough, in fact, that the ending, when it comes, may strike some viewers as a bit of a rose-colored cop-out. I?m not sure Ponsoldt (whose earlier? film Smashed also dealt with mutually enabling lovers) fully grapples with the questions the first three-quarters of his film raises: Not only will Aimee and Sutter make it work, but should they? But on the way to that arguably disappointing ending, The Spectacular Now captures the beauty and scariness and lacerating intensity of first love, and for that you forgive it everything.

Source: http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2013/08/the_spectacular_now_directed_by_james_ponsoldt_reviewed.html

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Decoding material fluxes in the tropical ocean

Decoding material fluxes in the tropical ocean [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 2-Aug-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Dr. Andreas Villwock
avillwock@geomar.de
49-431-600-2802
Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR)

Turbulent processes provide important contribution to oxygen supply

August 2, 2013 / Kiel. How is vital oxygen supplied to the tropical ocean? For the first time, oceanographers at GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel were able to make quantitative statements regarding this question. They showed that about one third of the oxygen supply in these areas is provided by turbulent processes, such as eddies or internal waves. The study, conducted in the framework of the Collaborative Research Center SFB 754 "Climate-Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean", was just published in the international journal Biogeosciences.

In many areas of the tropical oceans, oxygen is in rather short supply. In the Indian Ocean, the eastern Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of West Africa, at depths of several hundred meters, there are vast areas with very low oxygen levels, so-called oxygen minimum zones (OMZ). These have been the focus of scientists in Kiel for a number of years. Using modern measurement techniques, they were now able to quantify for the first time which of the processes are important for the oxygen supply to these areas, the so-called ventilation. Thus far, oceanographers had assumed that the dissolved oxygen in the ocean would slowly penetrate from the surface layers to greater depths through large-scale processes. Fluctuations in the trade winds driving the ocean currents could thus regulate the oxygen supply directly. However, measurements off the coast of West Africa and south of the Cape Verde islands have now revealed the major importance of turbulent mixing processes. The scientists used high-precision measurements, such as microstructure probes and profiling current meters, for their investigations.

The surveying of a so-called tracer, a chemically inert substance discharged into the ocean, confirmed the results of the direct turbulence measurements. The horizontal and vertical spreading of the tracer was determined by chemical analysis with a high degree of accuracy over a period of three years.

Both measurement methods showed that about one third of the oxygen supply in the tropical oxygen minimum zones is provided by the vertical turbulent mixing. "The relatively high contribution of turbulence to the oxygen budget has surprised us," says Prof. Dr. Martin Visbeck, one of the initiators of the experiment. "Also, thanks to the improved measurement methods and accuracies, we were breaking new ground here," Visbeck continued. First author Dr. Tim Fischer, who - as part of his doctorate was able to significantly improve the parameters settings and evaluation of ship-based current profile measurements to determine the turbulence in the ocean from a moving ship, adds: "Thus, in comparison to the time-consuming microstructure probe measurements, we are able to collect much more data." Co-author Dr. Donata Banyte from GEOMAR, who as part of her dissertation - has worked for more than three years with the data from the tracer experiment, adds: "I am delighted to have discovered something really new and important in physical oceanography".

"Since any expansion of oxygen deficient areas can have negative effects on the marine ecosystem, it is important to identify the relevant processes thereof. The results will help us to better understand the dynamics and changes in the oxygen minimum zones in the oceans," says Prof. Visbeck.

###

Background information

The dynamics of oxygen minimum zones is the central theme of the Collaborative Research Center (SFB) 745 "Climate-Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean", which is funded by the German Research Foundation at the Christian-Albrechts University in Kiel and at GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel.

Oxygen minimum zones, i.e. zones where oxygen is scarce or even completely missing, are present in all tropical oceans. Measurements of recent years, however, indicate that these zones are expanding. One of the consequences is that the habitat of certain fish species is shrinking. But are these changes part of a natural variation or are they a result of human-induced global change? And how far will these low-oxygen zones spread? These and other questions are investigated by the researchers who are participating in SFB 754.

In addition, the scientists at the Kiel Cluster of Excellence "The Future Ocean", also explore the changes in the oceans of the past, present and future with a globally unique approach: Marine, geo and economic scientists, physicians, mathematicians, computer scientists, lawyers as well as corporate and social scientists combine their expertise in eleven multidisciplinary research groups. Their findings contribute significantly to concepts in sustainable use and activity options for a global management of the oceans The new research program is thus aimed at an increased integration of knowledge. The goal is that a basic understanding of the ocean should lead to scientifically sound predictions and scenarios - in a close dialogue with decision-makers - to contribute to a sustainable management of the oceans.

The original publication:

Fischer, T., D. Banyte, P. Brandt, M. Dengler, G. Krahmann, T. Tanhua, and M. Visbeck, 2013: Diapycnal oxygen supply to the tropical North Atlantic oxygen minimum zone. Biogeosciences, 10, 5079-5093, doi:10.5194/bg-10-5079-2013

Links:

GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel

Collaborative Research Centre754

Cluster of Excellence "The Future Ocean"

Contact:

Prof. Dr. Martin Visbeck
Phone: +49-431-600-4100
mvisbeck@geomar.de

Dr. Andreas Villwock (GEOMAR, Communication & Media)
Phone: +49-431 600 2802
avillwock@geomar.de


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Decoding material fluxes in the tropical ocean [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 2-Aug-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Dr. Andreas Villwock
avillwock@geomar.de
49-431-600-2802
Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR)

Turbulent processes provide important contribution to oxygen supply

August 2, 2013 / Kiel. How is vital oxygen supplied to the tropical ocean? For the first time, oceanographers at GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel were able to make quantitative statements regarding this question. They showed that about one third of the oxygen supply in these areas is provided by turbulent processes, such as eddies or internal waves. The study, conducted in the framework of the Collaborative Research Center SFB 754 "Climate-Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean", was just published in the international journal Biogeosciences.

In many areas of the tropical oceans, oxygen is in rather short supply. In the Indian Ocean, the eastern Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of West Africa, at depths of several hundred meters, there are vast areas with very low oxygen levels, so-called oxygen minimum zones (OMZ). These have been the focus of scientists in Kiel for a number of years. Using modern measurement techniques, they were now able to quantify for the first time which of the processes are important for the oxygen supply to these areas, the so-called ventilation. Thus far, oceanographers had assumed that the dissolved oxygen in the ocean would slowly penetrate from the surface layers to greater depths through large-scale processes. Fluctuations in the trade winds driving the ocean currents could thus regulate the oxygen supply directly. However, measurements off the coast of West Africa and south of the Cape Verde islands have now revealed the major importance of turbulent mixing processes. The scientists used high-precision measurements, such as microstructure probes and profiling current meters, for their investigations.

The surveying of a so-called tracer, a chemically inert substance discharged into the ocean, confirmed the results of the direct turbulence measurements. The horizontal and vertical spreading of the tracer was determined by chemical analysis with a high degree of accuracy over a period of three years.

Both measurement methods showed that about one third of the oxygen supply in the tropical oxygen minimum zones is provided by the vertical turbulent mixing. "The relatively high contribution of turbulence to the oxygen budget has surprised us," says Prof. Dr. Martin Visbeck, one of the initiators of the experiment. "Also, thanks to the improved measurement methods and accuracies, we were breaking new ground here," Visbeck continued. First author Dr. Tim Fischer, who - as part of his doctorate was able to significantly improve the parameters settings and evaluation of ship-based current profile measurements to determine the turbulence in the ocean from a moving ship, adds: "Thus, in comparison to the time-consuming microstructure probe measurements, we are able to collect much more data." Co-author Dr. Donata Banyte from GEOMAR, who as part of her dissertation - has worked for more than three years with the data from the tracer experiment, adds: "I am delighted to have discovered something really new and important in physical oceanography".

"Since any expansion of oxygen deficient areas can have negative effects on the marine ecosystem, it is important to identify the relevant processes thereof. The results will help us to better understand the dynamics and changes in the oxygen minimum zones in the oceans," says Prof. Visbeck.

###

Background information

The dynamics of oxygen minimum zones is the central theme of the Collaborative Research Center (SFB) 745 "Climate-Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean", which is funded by the German Research Foundation at the Christian-Albrechts University in Kiel and at GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel.

Oxygen minimum zones, i.e. zones where oxygen is scarce or even completely missing, are present in all tropical oceans. Measurements of recent years, however, indicate that these zones are expanding. One of the consequences is that the habitat of certain fish species is shrinking. But are these changes part of a natural variation or are they a result of human-induced global change? And how far will these low-oxygen zones spread? These and other questions are investigated by the researchers who are participating in SFB 754.

In addition, the scientists at the Kiel Cluster of Excellence "The Future Ocean", also explore the changes in the oceans of the past, present and future with a globally unique approach: Marine, geo and economic scientists, physicians, mathematicians, computer scientists, lawyers as well as corporate and social scientists combine their expertise in eleven multidisciplinary research groups. Their findings contribute significantly to concepts in sustainable use and activity options for a global management of the oceans The new research program is thus aimed at an increased integration of knowledge. The goal is that a basic understanding of the ocean should lead to scientifically sound predictions and scenarios - in a close dialogue with decision-makers - to contribute to a sustainable management of the oceans.

The original publication:

Fischer, T., D. Banyte, P. Brandt, M. Dengler, G. Krahmann, T. Tanhua, and M. Visbeck, 2013: Diapycnal oxygen supply to the tropical North Atlantic oxygen minimum zone. Biogeosciences, 10, 5079-5093, doi:10.5194/bg-10-5079-2013

Links:

GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel

Collaborative Research Centre754

Cluster of Excellence "The Future Ocean"

Contact:

Prof. Dr. Martin Visbeck
Phone: +49-431-600-4100
mvisbeck@geomar.de

Dr. Andreas Villwock (GEOMAR, Communication & Media)
Phone: +49-431 600 2802
avillwock@geomar.de


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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-08/hcfo-dmf080213.php

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Potential nutritional therapy for childhood neurodegenerative disease

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Researchers have identified the gene mutation responsible for a particularly severe form of pontocerebellar hyplasia, a currently incurable neurodegenerative disease affecting children. Based on results in cultured cells, they are hopeful that a nutritional supplement may one day be able to prevent or reverse the condition.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/health_medicine/genes/~3/ySUUd4zOftE/130801125028.htm

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Greece Online Gambling Blacklist Contains Over 400 Domains ...

July 31, 2013

greece-online-gambling-blacklistGreece has put all other European Union online gambling blacklists to shame with the publication of a mammoth list of over 400 domains that Greek gaming regulators have identified as operating without their say-so. The list briefly appeared on the Hellenic Gaming Commission?s website, only to be taken down about half an hour later, with no explanation provided as to the peek-a-boo look at Santa?s naughty list.

Capital.gr subsequently reported that the list (pictured being held by Greek gaming regulator Nigel Tufnoulopolous) was pulled because it had yet to be formally submitted to the nation?s internet service providers and financial institutions, which will be tasked respectively with blocking Greek punters from accessing the sites and blocking financial transactions with the sites? associated companies. Failure to block the sites will result in the ISPs being fined ?50k for every day the sites remain accessible. Blacklisted operators face fines of ?20k per day for each type of gambling offered, ?10k for advertising their wares, while direct marketing efforts will cost ?200k per attempt.

The blacklist includes many of the usual Euro suspects, including 888, bwin.party, Sportingbet, Stan James, Unibet, plus Caribbean-based sports betting mainstays such as Pinnacle and The Greek, and some left-field choices, such as offshoots of Australian corporate bookie Tatts. Notably absent are Betfair, Bet365, Ladbrokes, William Hill and PokerStars, although Stars? blog site made the grade for some reason. (Suggested make-nice blog post for Thursday: Liv Boeree?s souvlaki recipe?)

The exclusion of Betfair and Hills could be explained by the fact that the pair have filed applications to become the country?s monopoly online gambling provider, a move intended to expose the Greek government?s blatant favoritism toward former state-owned operator OPAP. This month, the European Commission lifted the ?standstill? period on Greece?s controversial decision to extend OPAP?s online monopoly over betting and RNG casino games through 2020, although the EC has reserved the right to launch infringement proceedings against Greece at a later date.

Clearly recognizing a thrown gauntlet when it lands at their feet, former blacklist title holders Bulgaria burnished its own naughty list on Wednesday with the addition of 10 more names, including Betvictor and a host of Betsson offshoots. That was on top of the 20 more names Bulgaria added last week, including Stan James, Boylesports and a raft of Asian operators (SBOBET, 188bet, Dafabet). Poor little Belgium, an early pioneer in tarring and feathering online gambling companies, added four more names to its own list midway through July, but that only brought its total up to a piffling 78 names. That?s just not going to cut it in today?s fiercely competitive world of gaming regulator one-upmanship. Your move, Lichtenstein?

Source: http://calvinayre.com/2013/07/31/business/greek-online-gambling-blacklist-tops-all-comers/

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Facebook 'On This Day' Feature: Social Network Users Can Reminisce With Latest News Feed Addition

Facebook Like
The new Facebook 'On This Day' feature lets users see what they and their friends were doing a year ago today. The News Feed addition is currently being tested on select users accounts. (Photo: Facebook)

The Facebook "On This Day" feature is popping up in select users' News Feeds. The social network is testing out the latest feature, which shows users what they and their friends were doing a year ago today.

Follow Us

"We are currently testing a feature that will show users content from their News Feed 'from a year ago today,'" a Facebook spokeswoman confirmed to ABC News.

The new Facebook feature serves as a keyhole into the past. The Verge reports that Facebook filters out the more unmemorable entries and instead displays more popular stories, determined by likes and comments.

Select users can visit facebook.com/feed/todayinhistory to see the year-old statuses, as well as other milestones and events from that month. For example, an "On This Day" snapshot reveals information such as birthdays, new jobs, graduations and relocations posted along the right hand side.

Business Insider notes that, for users that have the "On This Day" feature already, it can be accessed directly through their News Feed. In the left hand drop-down menu, Facebook users can sort their feed by "On This Day."?

Facebook is known for testing out new features on a limited population ahead of a widespread release. ?Earlier this month, the social network tested out an upgraded search engine feature, Facebook Graph Search, which launched on select users' home pages.

So far, the new Facebook feature is just in testing, but users can anticipate the new feature to roll out on their News Feed shortly. Do you have the latest Facebook "On This Day" feature? Let us know in the comment section.?

For tips, complaints and observations on all things digital, email us at tips [at] idigitaltimes.com

? 2012 iDigitalTimes All rights reserved. Do not reproduce without permission.

Source: http://www.idigitaltimes.com/articles/19186/20130731/facebook-day-feature-social-network-news-feed.htm

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China's Alibaba bans customers from using Tencent's WeChat

BEIJING (Reuters) - China's Alibaba Group, whose expected IPO could value the e-commerce company as high as $100 billion, has banned its customers from using Tencent Holdings' popular WeChat mobile messaging app to do business on Alibaba sites like Tmall and Taobao.

Some merchants have been using WeChat to directly communicate with customers and encourage them to do business outside of Alibaba's transaction systems, Alibaba Group said in a statement.

"We have therefore decided to temporarily suspend the subscription of WeChat-related applications in the seller-side service app market and encourage our sellers to conduct their marketing activities in a safe and legitimate manner," the company said.

In some cases sellers had also harassed other users. Alibaba said there is no timeline for when the ban might end, but it would "monitor the situation closely."

Tencent officials declined to comment.

WeChat, which has more than 300 million users in China and 70 million overseas, has usurped Sina Corp's Weibo microblogging service to become China's most popular social messaging app.

(Reporting by Paul Carsten; Editing by Matt Driskill)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/chinas-alibaba-bans-customers-using-tencents-wechat-032644986.html

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12:13 PM

LePage blasts Alfond over charter schools

In a letter to the Senate president, the governor says Alfond and teachers' unions are 'fighting tirelessly to deny Maine students the choice of where they can get the best education.'

11:50 AM

Feds brace for coming changes to NSA powers

For the first time, the government acknowledges publicly that it can analyze the phone calls of millions of Americans in the hunt for just one suspected terrorist.

Source: http://www.onlinesentinel.com/r?19=961&43=565492&44=217638631&32=10362&7=622162&40=http://www.onlinesentinel.com/news/Rome-Summer-family-had-long-history-with-the-North-Pond-Hermit.html

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Mitchell 2011 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 Used Truck near Sioux Falls, SD Brookings, SD Vern Eide Ford Lincoln for $23,945

  • Blue
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  • 5.3L V8
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  • Automatic 6-Speed
  • 42,021 mi.
  • 4WD Truck (4 Door Extended Cab)

?

  • Convenience

    • Air conditioning
    • Cruise control
    • Overhead console - Mini
    • Power steering
    • Tilt steering wheel
    • Clock - In-radio display
    • Compass
    • External temperature display
    • Tachometer
    • Remote power door locks
    • Power heated mirrors
    • Power windows with 1 one-touch
  • Exterior

    • Engine hour meter
    • Pickup Bed Type - Regular
    • Intermittent window wipers
    • Privacy/tinted glass
  • Interior

  • Safety

    • 4-wheel ABS brakes
    • Head airbags - Curtain 1st and 2nd row
    • Passenger Airbag
    • Daytime running lights
    • Dusk sensing headlights
    • Stability control - With anti-roll control
    • Traction control - ABS and driveline
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    • 4WD Type - Automatic full-time
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  • Not all issues are reported to CARFAX. The number of owners is estimated. See the full CARFAX Report for additional information and glossary of terms.

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Before purchasing this vehicle, it is your responsibility to address any and all differences between information on this website and the actual vehicle specifications and/or any warranties offered prior to the sale of this vehicle. Vehicle data on this website is compiled from publicly available sources believed by the publisher to be reliable. Vehicle data is subject to change without notice. The publisher assumes no responsibility for errors and/or omissions in this data the compilation of this data and makes no representations express or implied to any actual or prospective purchaser of the vehicle as to the condition of the vehicle, vehicle specifications, ownership, vehicle history, equipment/accessories, price or warranties.

Source: http://www.verneideford.com/2011-Chevrolet-Silverado-1500-Mitchell/vd/15988524

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Top 10 College Baseball Stadiums: 3. Mike Martin Field at Dick Howser Stadium (Florida State)

? July 31, 2013Posted in: ACC, CBD Column

dickhowserstadiumWhile college baseball season might be over, College Baseball Daily is keeping you covered by counting down the Top 10 Stadiums in the country. Each day we?ll have a different stadium, including the history and fun facts, until we reach the number one stadium in all of college baseball. We continue our countdown today at number 3 with Florida State?s Mike Martin Field at Dick Howser Stadium.

Florida State baseball has made a name for themselves over the past few years, and Mike Martin Field at Dick Howser Stadium has been their stage. Opened in 1983, Mike Martin Field at Dick Howser Stadium?s architecture is unparalleled; the gorgeous architecture and field make this a premiere destination to play ball. Seminole fans seem to agree with the beauty of their team and field, as they continuously pack the stadium year after year. In 2013, the Seminoles ranked eighth in Division I attendance, averaging close to 4,600 fans a game; they are annually a guest of the top 10 rankings. Mike Martin Field has also become to go-to destination for Regional games, as the Seminoles have hosted 26 games in the 30 years the stadium has been opened; there have also been five Super Regionals held at the field since the new postseason format was introduced. If you?re looking to fill time before the game, head on over to the first base stands. This is where the Mike Loynd Tradition Room is located; fans and visitors alike can learn about the rich tradition and history of the Florida State baseball program. There?s information about All-Americans, former Seminoles in the pros, as well as the World Series teams. Another wall in the room is lined with trophies won by the Seminoles in recent World Series and conference championships, as well as the Golden Spikes awards of Lyond, Mike Fuentes, J.D. Drew, and Buster Posey. When people come to visit the home of the Seminoles, they are treated to what Eric Sorenson calls the third best big game atmosphere in the country. They also contribute to the standard set by the Seminole faithful, with the record attendance in a season being set over the 100,000 mark nine times over the last 10 years. The stadium was renamed in 1988 to commemorate Dick Howser, who was Florida State?s first All-American player and a former Kansas City Royal, while the actual field was dedicated in 2005 for current Florida State head coach Mike Martin. Mike Martin Field at Dick Howser Stadium isn?t just a pretty place to watch a ballgame, it?s also a winning place for the Seminoles; the team is 822-162-1 overall on their home turf.

You can check out the rest of the Top 10 by clicking here.

About Kate Moser

Kate is a graduate of Mississippi State University, where she studied broadcasting and worked for athletic media relations. Writing and sports have always been the two biggest loves in her life. She joins College Baseball Daily in 2013 as a SEC contributor. She can be reached by email at Kate.Moser (at) collegebaseballdaily (dot) com and on Twitter @TheKateMoser

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/CollegeBaseballDaily/~3/jxSfy7CICzM/

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NFL training camp: What they're saying about Kiko Alonso as Buffalo Bills' No. 1 linebacker (links)

While much of what happens with the Buffalo Bills this season will likely hinge on the play of rookie quarterback?EJ Manuel -- the No. 16 overall pick of the 2013 NFL draft -- the remaking of the Bills' linebackers will also be a storyline to watch. The Bills used their third pick of the 2013 NFL draft to take former Oregon Ducks linebacker Kiko Alonso (No. 46 overall).

Alonso has already made a strong impression in training camp and could be tapped by new head coach Doug Marrone and defensive coordinator Mike Pettine to serve as the team's starting middle linebacker. If he earns the starting nod, Alonso will likely have the responsibility of calling out the team's defensive plays as well as making formation adjustments at the line of scrimmage.

Here's a look at what is being said about Alonso and what the expectations are for the Bills' rookie this season:

? Dan Murphy of Buddy Nixon writes about the "return to relevance" for linebackers on the Bills, thanks in large part to the addition of Alonso:

The unproven Nigel Bradham will be joined up the middle by presumed-defensive quarterback Kiko Alonso ... All of the measurables are there for Alonso; he plays with the versatility, speed and aggression required of the prototypical man in the middle, especially in Pettine?s seek-and-destroy system, and he displayed big-play ability with 14 tackles for loss as a senior at Oregon. The sky is the limit for Alonso.
? Dennis Amo of BuffaLowDown writes that of the rookies on the team, he expects Alonso to make an "immediate impact":
Kiko Alonso, LB, will be the favorite to start at middle linebacker with the Bills trading Kelvin Sheppard in the off-season for Jerry Hughes. He will be one to keep an eye on and will have to step up to help out a struggling defense.
? Carl Pfeiffer of Queen City Sports writes that Alonso will impress in training camp and will start the season as the one "calling the defensive signals":
Our line backing corps last year was nothing short of a joke. If Alonso can earn one of the starting LB positions then the one major weakness in our defense may have just turned into strength. At mini-camp he was running with the first team and calling some of the defensive signals. If Kiko plays like his college highlight tape, he may just conjure up memories of Shane Conlan, Jim Haslett and Ray Bentley. Don?t be surprised if Alonso wins the job early in camp.
? Chris Burke of Audibles on SI.com writes that that "most intriguing positional battle" in training camp will be for the second inside linebacker. He says Alonso has all but sealed his spot in the starting lineup:
The Bills need to find two starting inside linebackers, because a) they traded 15-game starter Kelvin Sheppard to Indianapolis and b) their flip from a 4-3 to a defense that at least incorporates the 3-4 in a hybrid approach stresses the importance of that position.

Rookie Kiko Alonso, a second-round pick, probably would have to bomb this preseason to wind up outside the starting lineup ? the coaching staff has raved about his work thus far, and Buffalo does not have the luxury of bringing him along slowly.

? Alex Parish of The Phinsider gives an "opponent preview" of the Bills. The Miami Dolphins insider tabs Alonso as the "Dark Horse Player of the Year":
Rookie linebacker Kiko Alonso is a pretty instinctive player, and will likely be asked to start straight away. Very athletic and very good in coverage, but needs to improve his run blocking skills. Nonetheless, he's a player with huge upside.
? Brian Galliford of Buffalo Rumblings writes that the Bills expect Alonso to be the team's No. 1 linebacker and "play the vast majority of defensive snaps":
The 6'3", 238-pound Alonso comes into the NFL with experience doing a lot of the things the Bills will ask him to do. In particular, his work in coverage will be an asset to the Bills, as will his high-4.6 to low-4.7 speed. He can blitz, he can play outside or inside (yes, even in Buffalo's defense), and he has the look of a linebacker dependable enough against the run that the team can reasonably expect to leave him on the field as often as possible as a rookie. ...

They need Alonso to be a playmaker - a guy that affects the passing game with big plays and the running game in the backfield. Alonso did that at Oregon. He'll be expected to do it at the NFL level right out of the gate, too.

? ESPN.com slots Alonso in as the No. 105 best individual defensive player (IDP). It says the following about him:
Buffalo's new defensive coordinator Mike Pettine is a linebacker guru -- who has hired two linebacker coaches -- with intentions of deploying this instinctual rookie as a three-down inside 'backer in his aggressive 3-4 scheme.

Source: http://www.oregonlive.com/nfl/index.ssf/2013/07/nfl_training_camp_what_theyre_3.html

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The Passat BlueMotion is capable of driving from London to Edinburgh and back on...

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Weather service confirms upstate NY tornado

Story Created: Jul 28, 2013 at 11:54 PM EDT

Story Updated: Jul 28, 2013 at 11:54 PM EDT

TROUPSBURG, N.Y. (AP) - A survey team from the National Weather Service confirms that a tornado packing 100-mph winds touched down in central New York, uprooting some trees and damaging a barn.

The storm hit Saturday evening near the Steuben County town of Troupsburg, about 100 miles southwest of Syracuse. The weather service says the tornado was classified as EF-1, the second weakest category, which can have winds of 86 to 110 mph.

The tornado's track was confirmed 13 miles away from Troupsburg in Rathbone, where the top wind speed was estimated at 95 mph. The wind speed at Troupsburg and Woodhull was estimated at 100 mph.

Source: http://www.wktv.com/news/local/Weather-service-confirms-upstate-NY-tornado-217331531.html

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Antibiotic reduction campaigns do not necessarily reduce resistance

Antibiotic reduction campaigns do not necessarily reduce resistance [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 29-Jul-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Jim Sliwa
jsliwa@asmusa.org
202-942-9297
American Society for Microbiology

Antibiotic useand misuseis the main driver for selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria. This has led many countries to implement interventions designed to reduce overall antibiotic consumption. Now, using methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as an example, Laura Temime of the Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, Paris, and collaborators warn that simply reducing antibiotics consumption does not necessarily reduce resistance. The research is published online ahead of print in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

The success of antibiotic reduction programs depends on which antibiotics are reduced, because some select more strongly for resistance than others. For instance, in the case of S. aureus, reducing use of clindamycin and methicillin lead to decreased resistance, while reducing use of penicillins does not, since most S. aureus, including MRSA, are already resistant to penicillin, explains Temime.

Additionally, efforts to reduce antibiotic use must be coordinated between hospitals and the community, since either can feed resistant bacteria into the other, undermining reduction efforts, says Temime.

In 2002-2003, a national program reduced antibiotic use in France by 10 percent. However, it fell short of the full potential for reducing resistance because it failed to target those antibiotics that generate the most resistance, says Temime. She and her collaborators developed a mathematical model of MRSA circulation, which correctly simulated that reduction, post-facto. They then performed a number of simulations of reductions in antibiotic use, which demonstrated the complexities of reduction efforts.

"We found that the reduction in MRSA hospital rates could have been much larger than it actually was following the 2002 antibiotic reduction campaign," says Temime. "Our results also suggest that changes in the distribution of antibiotics prescribed for non-hospitalized patients actually limited the impact of the antibiotic reduction campaign in French hospitals."

Their research shows that class-specific changes in antibiotic use, rather than overall reductions, need to be considered in order to achieve the greatest benefit from antibiotic reduction campaigns, says Temime. "This underlines the importance of generating surveillance data on both antibiotic class-specific changes in antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in the years following an antibiotic reduction campaign. We believe that this research may help health policy makers and physicians in the design of more efficient antibiotic reduction campaigns."

###

A copy of the manuscript can be found online at http://bit.ly/asmtip0713c. Formal publication is scheduled for the September 2013 issue of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy is a publication of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). The ASM is the largest single life science society, composed of over 39,000 scientists and health professionals. Its mission is to advance the microbiological sciences as a vehicle for understanding life processes and to apply and communicate this knowledge for the improvement of health and environmental and economic well-being worldwide.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Antibiotic reduction campaigns do not necessarily reduce resistance [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 29-Jul-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Jim Sliwa
jsliwa@asmusa.org
202-942-9297
American Society for Microbiology

Antibiotic useand misuseis the main driver for selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria. This has led many countries to implement interventions designed to reduce overall antibiotic consumption. Now, using methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as an example, Laura Temime of the Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, Paris, and collaborators warn that simply reducing antibiotics consumption does not necessarily reduce resistance. The research is published online ahead of print in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

The success of antibiotic reduction programs depends on which antibiotics are reduced, because some select more strongly for resistance than others. For instance, in the case of S. aureus, reducing use of clindamycin and methicillin lead to decreased resistance, while reducing use of penicillins does not, since most S. aureus, including MRSA, are already resistant to penicillin, explains Temime.

Additionally, efforts to reduce antibiotic use must be coordinated between hospitals and the community, since either can feed resistant bacteria into the other, undermining reduction efforts, says Temime.

In 2002-2003, a national program reduced antibiotic use in France by 10 percent. However, it fell short of the full potential for reducing resistance because it failed to target those antibiotics that generate the most resistance, says Temime. She and her collaborators developed a mathematical model of MRSA circulation, which correctly simulated that reduction, post-facto. They then performed a number of simulations of reductions in antibiotic use, which demonstrated the complexities of reduction efforts.

"We found that the reduction in MRSA hospital rates could have been much larger than it actually was following the 2002 antibiotic reduction campaign," says Temime. "Our results also suggest that changes in the distribution of antibiotics prescribed for non-hospitalized patients actually limited the impact of the antibiotic reduction campaign in French hospitals."

Their research shows that class-specific changes in antibiotic use, rather than overall reductions, need to be considered in order to achieve the greatest benefit from antibiotic reduction campaigns, says Temime. "This underlines the importance of generating surveillance data on both antibiotic class-specific changes in antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in the years following an antibiotic reduction campaign. We believe that this research may help health policy makers and physicians in the design of more efficient antibiotic reduction campaigns."

###

A copy of the manuscript can be found online at http://bit.ly/asmtip0713c. Formal publication is scheduled for the September 2013 issue of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy is a publication of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). The ASM is the largest single life science society, composed of over 39,000 scientists and health professionals. Its mission is to advance the microbiological sciences as a vehicle for understanding life processes and to apply and communicate this knowledge for the improvement of health and environmental and economic well-being worldwide.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-07/asfm-arc072913.php

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